明渠非定常水流的垂向结构实验研究

本文报告了明渠非定常水流垂向结构的实验研究,通过 LDV 激光测速,我们给出了非定常水流的速度削面,湍流度,Eulerian质量输运速度的垂向分布。实验结果表明:在非定常周期很长时非定常流动的速度剖面,湍流强度及其粗糙度的影响基本上与定常流动相一致,当非定常流动为纯往复流动时,存在一个逆时针方向的环流,这种环流有利于底部的质量输运。     

MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR THE SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS INCLUDING CURRENT AND SILT SEDIMENTA-TION (Ⅰ)-THE CONTINUOUS-TIME CASE

IntroductionTheshallowwaterequationsareanimportantmathematicalmodelforavarietyofprobleminhydraulicengineering .Inrecentyears,therehasbeeninterestinthenumericalsolutionfortheshallowwaterequations.Thenumericalsimulationsfortheshallowwaterequationsystemcanbeappliedtomanypurposes .First,itcanserveasameansformodelingtidalfluctuationsforthosenterestedincapturingtidalenergyforcommercialpurposes.Secondly ,thesesimulationscanbeusedtocomputetidalrangesandsurgessuchashurricanesandtsunamiscausedbyextreme…     

The crumbling of a viscous prism with an inclined free surface

Summary We study the two-dimensional instantaneous Stokes flow driven by gravity in a viscous triangular prism supported by a horizontal rigid substrate and a vertical wall. The oblique side of the prism, inclined at an angle α with respect to the substrate, is a fluid-air interface, where the stresses are zero and surface tension is neglected. We develop the stream function ψ in polar coordinates (r,θ) centered at the vertex of α and split it into an inhomogeneous part, which accounts for gravity effects, and a homogeneous part, which is expressed as a series expansion. The inhomogeneous part and the first term of the expansion may be envisioned, respectively, as self-similar solutions of the first kind and of the second kind for r→0, each one holding in complementary α domains with a crossover at α _c =21.47^∘, which we study in some detail. The coefficients of the series are calculated by truncating the expansion and using the method of direct collocation with a suitable set of points at the wall. The solution strictly holds for t=0, because later the free surface ceases to be a plane; nevertheless, it provides a good approximation for the early time evolution of the fluid profile, as shown by the comparison with numerical simulations. For 0<α<45^∘, the vertex angle remains constant and the edge remains strictly at rest; the transition at α _c manifests itself through a change in the rate of growth of the curvature. The time at which the edge starts to move (waiting time) cannot be calculated since the instantaneous solution ceases to be valid. For α>45^∘, the instantaneous local solution indicates that the surface near the vertex is launched against the substrate so that the edge starts to move immediately with a power law dependence on time t. However, due to the high value of the exponent, the vertex may seem to be at rest for some finite time even in this case. Received 29 August 1997; accepted for publication 21 January 1998     

基于相对即时密度的泡沫铝材料力学性能研究

通过对圆柱形泡沫铝试件进行静态压缩和冲击实验，考察了泡沫铝的初始密度、孔径和尺寸等因素对材料应力应变关系的影响，研究了基于相对即时密度的泡沫铝材料的塑性行为。实验所用泡沫铝试件包含四种尺寸，三种孔径及多种初始密度。实验结果表明，初始密度对泡沫铝的应力应变关系有着显著的影响，而其他因素，如孔径、试件尺寸等的影响较小。基于实验结果，提出了一种新的泡沫铝材料力学性能的描述方法，即用材料的相对即时密度与应力的关系来描述泡沫铝材料的塑性行为。该关系适用于静态和动态加载情况，只是两种情况下的参数不同。基于该方法，发现泡沫铝的塑性行为可以用单一的应力一相对即时密度关系描述，这一关系甚至不依赖于材料的初始密度，这将使泡沫铝材料塑性行为的描述大大简化。     

从具体例子看惯性流形概念的推广

惯性流形的概念要求所有轨道指数收敛于唯一吸引子[5],这对于很多物理问题,例如sine-Gordon方程是很难满足的[4],本文中给出的人工例子建议了惯性流形的推广形式,这个推广形式去掉了整体吸引子是唯一的预先要求,该推广概念使用于sine-Gordon方程。     

刃型位错和圆弧形刚性线夹杂的干涉效应

位错和夹杂的干涉效应对于理解材料的强化和韧化机理具有十分重要的意义。文中研究了晶体材料中刃型位错和多条共圆弧刚性线夹杂的干涉作用。利用Riemann—Schwarz反照原理和复势函数的奇性主部分析技术，得到了问题的一般解答；对于只含一条刚性线夹杂的情况，给出了复势函数的封闭形式解。由Peach-Koehler公式求出了作用在刃型位错上的位错力，并讨论了圆弧形刚性线夹杂对位错力的影响规律，发现弧形刚性线对刃型位错有很强的排斥作用。本文解答不但可作为格林函数获得任意分布位错的相应解答，而且可以用于研究刚性线夹杂和任意形状裂纹的干涉效应问题。     

周期激励下的前包钦格呼吸神经元的簇振荡现象研究

研究周期激励作用下的非自治前包钦格呼吸神经元模型,结果表明当外界激励频率与系统固有频率存在着量级差距时,系统可以产生典型的簇放电模式.由于激励频率远小于系统的固有频率,因此将整个周期激励项视为慢变参数,从而可以利用稳定性分析理论研究慢变参数变化下的平衡点的分岔类型,进一步应用快慢动力学分析方法给出簇模式产生的动力学机理.本文的结果说明外界激励对神经元的动力学行为有着重要影响,为进一步揭示呼吸节律的产生机制提供了重要帮助.     

Electron Transport in Configurational Model of Ferromagnetic Fulleride with Triple Orbital Degeneracy

Abstract

Phenomenon of ferromagnetic ordering was for a long time associated exclusively with transition metal and rare-earth compounds. Nowadays this view is challenged by growing evidence that in molecular carbon-based systems the ferromagnetic alignment of spins can be observed as well. We have developed a microscopical model of a fulleride electronic subsystem taking into account triple orbital degeneracy of energy states within the configurational-operator approach. Using the Green function method the energy spectrum of the model has been calculated. Conditions for the ferromagnetic state stabilization have been determined. Static electrical conductivity and effective masses of current carriers in the system with orbitally degenerated energy band have been obtained. In the ground state and for low temperatures at different forms of unperturbed density of electronic states the concentration dependences of transport characteristics for less-then-half-filled lower quasiparticle subband have been calculated.     

Interface trap-induced negative differential resistance in nMOSFET with floating source

Interface trap can act as the generation center in device to induce a very weak generation current. We observed the negative differential resistance NDR of this generation current I_D in nMOSFET with the floating source. It originates from that the generation function of interface trap is enabled and then is shut down in turn as increasing the drain voltage. This change relies on the interaction among the interface trap energy-level and the electron's Fermi-levels of drain and source under the floating source condition. It is found that the peak-to-valley ratio of I_D is beyond 30.     

Investigation of unstable motion characteristics of vacuum arc cathode spots between transverse magnetic field contacts

With the improvement of the current level of power grids, the requirements of the opening level of the vacuum switches are also increasing. Vacuum arc cathode spots provide steam and electrons and, to a certain extent, determine the opening capacity of the vacuum switch. In this paper, a vacuum arc cathode spot research platform based on the de-mountable vacuum chamber is constructed. The characteristics of the vacuum arc cathode spots under the transverse magnetic field (TMF) contacts are assessed by a high-speed charge coupled device. The experimental results show that the cathode spot diffusion process can be divided into three processes through cathode spot distribution, arc voltage and current: initial diffusion stage of cathode spots, unstable motion stage of cathode spots, and extinguishing stage. The motion mode of cathode spots during unstable motion stage can be divided into cathode spots group stagnation (CSGS) to multi-cathode jet (MCJ) switch mode, cathode spots group motion (CSGM) to MCJ switch mode, CSGM mode, and MCJ mode. The effects of peak current and contact diameter on unstable motion mode were analysed.